Arthrosis of the knee joint, or gonarthrosis, occupies a leading place in the frequency of arthrosis.This is a degenerative-dystrophic disease of a chronic nature that affects all elements of the joint.Cartilage begins to deteriorate, changes occur in the capsule, synovial membrane, ligament apparatus and adjacent bone structures.The disease has an additional name - gonarthrosis.
Symptoms of arthrosis of the knee joint
They can be more or less pronounced and completely depend on the stage.
The pain syndrome at the beginning of the disease is almost imperceptible, but as the disease progresses, it intensifies.The first stage is characterized by fatigue in the legs and reduced mobility of the joints, usually in the morning.
In the second stage of arthrosis of the knee joint, the pain is accompanied by a screeching sound that accompanies movement and limited mobility.
The third stage of the disease has a more serious clinical picture - the pain does not disappear even at rest, severe deformations are noticeable, and the joints lose function.In addition, the gait also changes.
Causes of arthrosis of the knee joint
- Various injuries - bone fractures, sprains and torn ligaments, bruises and others;
- excessive stress on the legs, most often in professional athletes and people who are forced to stand on their feet for a long time during the working day;
- various metabolic disorders that lead to the deposition of salt in the joint cavities;
- previous surgical operations to remove the meniscus;
- overweight and obesity of all degrees, which causes excessive load on the legs;
- inflammatory processes in joint tissues - arthritis of various types.
Diagnosis and treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
The diagnosis of arthrosis of the knee joint is made in the office of a rheumatologist or orthopedist.The doctor examines the affected joint, palpates it, listens to complaints and asks additional questions.Performs several tests - for example, asks the patient to bend a leg or walk a few steps.Then, if it is necessary to clarify the stage of the disease or the nature of pathological changes, they will refer you to additional studies.For example, for computed tomography or radiography.
Treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint is often complex, aimed at eliminating pain and restoring the functions of cartilage, ligaments and joints.
Anti-inflammatory drugs, creams and rubs are used to reduce pain.For the protection of joint tissue - hondoprotectors.Sometimes hormonal drugs are prescribed.
Physiotherapy procedures and therapeutic exercises aimed at activating blood circulation in the joint area and strengthening the surrounding muscles are effective.
If the changes are irreversible, surgical treatment - prosthetics - is prescribed.
Prevention of arthrosis of the knee joint
- Eat properly: your diet should contain a sufficient amount of microelements, proteins and vitamins;
- avoid excessive loads on the knee joint and its traumatic lesions;
- lead an active healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits;
- timely treatment of all diseases and pathologies that can cause the appearance of arthrosis;
- control your body weight and prevent obesity.